Synergistic effect of electrospinning cellulose acetate and graphene oxide nanoparticles for bone differentiation

Scaffold-based osteogenesis has made great progress in regenerating injured bone tissues. For bone tissue engineering approches, it requires that the scaffolds should have excellent biocompatibility, proper mechanical and osteoinductive properties. Electrospinning is a method to produce nanofibers used in recent years. In this study, the composite cellulose acetate/ polyurethane scaffold was prepared using graphene oxide nanoparticles via electrospinning process. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed a beadles and uniform fibers and the diameter associated to composite and non-composite scaffolds were resulted as 1/47ʽm and 2/42ʽm respectively. Also, plasma treatment was performed to increase hydrophilicity value and the efficient surface treatment was confirmed by the ultimate lower value of contact angle as 18/43 deg compared to 39/02 deg related to non-treated scaffold sample. The toxicity of the fabricated scaffolds groups was studied using MTT assessment and the results quarantined the scaffolds could provide a biocompatible surface for cultured cells. The nanofibrous composite membrane induced adipose mesenchymal cells toward bone cells. In this manner, alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase assays approved the presence of mineralized particles on 21st day and the expression of ALP enzymes after 14 days of cell seeding respectively. However, previous articles reported successful employment of graphene oxide nanoparticles for bone regeneration, this study showed for first time that cellulose acetate could trigger osteogenic function of these nanoparticles.