Mahdi Alizadeh - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶-۱۶۴۷۱, Iran
Ali Bandehagh - Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Tabriz, Tabriz ۵۱۶۶۶-۱۶۴۷۱, Iran
Aziz Sheikhi-Garjan - Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran
Leila Ma'mani - Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran;
Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh - Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Karaj, Iran;
Kambiz Gilany - Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran;

One benefit of nanotechnology in the biosciences is controlled release of pesticides . The proteomic study is also one of the novel approaches in toxicology, biosafety assessment, and identification of plant molecular behavior that interacts with recent insecticides. Whereas Eurygaster integriceps is the most critical pest of wheat and barley fields, which causes damage in several stages; aiming to deal with it through nano-encapsulation technology, the proteomics of plants affected by this pest and the designed nano-formula was performed. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was executed after extracting the total protein content from the leaf tissue of treatments (control, smeared with nanocarrier and nanopesticide) that were affected by overwintering adult insects. After differential analysis of gels spots, with the criterion of increasing expression (IF≥۲) or decreasing expression (IF≤۰.۵) and the adjusted p-value of ۰.۰۵, six proteins by comparing nanocarrier-nanopesticide profiles, and ۲۰ joint proteins by matching nanocarrier-control and nanopesticide-control gels were selected; and then identified using tryptic in-gel digestion, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics databanks. The biggest differences were in chloroplastic proteins; the proteins associated with the large Rubisco subunits had increased and decreased expression in the separate comparison of the nanocarrier and nanopesticide with control and nanocarrier relative to nanopesticide, respectively. The expression of nuclear proteins involved in the production of transcription factors and cell differentiation in nanocarrier was increased compared to nanopesticide. Role-playing cytoplasmic proteins in the cell division and lignocellulosic biomass formation in nanocarrier also had an increased expression compared to nanopesticide; therefore, the plant likely plans to accelerate physiological development and to have different modulated mechanisms in interaction with simultaneous biotic and abiotic stressors to response the pest or avoid pesticide phytotoxicity. The convergence of sciences, in addition to promoting an understanding of biological interactions, can be used to better and safer new products.

Leaf proteome, Sunn-pest, Nano-encapsulated pesticide