Amaneh Mohammadi Roushandeh - Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Medical University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Raheleh Halabian - Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran
Jafar Soleimani Rad - Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Medical University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Behnaz Sadeghzadeh Oskouei - Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Medical University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Ahmad Mehdipour - Anatomical Sciences Department, Medicine Faculty, Medical University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Mohammad Reza Nourani - Chemical Injury Research Center, Baqiyatallah Medical Science University, Tehran Iran
Mehryar Habibi Roudkenar - Research Center, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO), Tehran, Iran

Objective(s) Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL/Lcn۲), comprise a group of small extracellular proteins with a common P-sheet-dominated ۳-dimensional structure. In the past, it was assumed that the predominant role of lipocalin was acting as transport proteins. Recently it has been found that oxidative stress induces Lcn۲ expression. It has been also proved that electromagnetic field (EMF) produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different tissues. Expression of Lcn۲ following exposure to electromagnetic field has been investigated in this study. Materials and Methods Balb/c mice (۸ weeks old) were exposed to ۳ mT, ۵۰ HZ EMF for ۲ months, ۴ hr/day. Afterwards, the mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and livers were removed. The liver specimens were stained with Haematoxylin- Eosin (H&E) and analyzed under an optical microscope. Total RNA was extracted from liver and reverse transcription was performed by Superscript III reverse transcriptase with ۱ pg of total RNA. Assessment of Lcn۲ expression was performed by semiquantitative and real time- PCR. Results The light microscopic studies revealed that the number of lymphocyte cells was increased compared to control and dilation of sinosoids was observed in the liver. Lcn۲ was up-regulated in the mice exposed to EMF both in mRNA and protein levels. Conclusion To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first report dealing with up-regulation of Lcn۲ in liver after exposure to EMF. The up-regulation might be a compensatory response that involves cell defense pathways and protective effects against ROS. However, further and complementary studies are required in this regards.

Electromagnetic Field, Liver, Lipocalin ۲, Reactive Oxygen Species