Mahdieh Anoush - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Shima Rahmani - Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Mehran Mohseni - Department of Food and drug control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
Mir Jamal Hosseini - Applied Pharmacology Research Centre, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.

Introduction: Lead (Pb) toxicity remains a significant and hazardous global health problem because of its vast application and diverse adverse effects on the renal system. Oxidative stress plays a key role in lead-induced toxicity specially neuro and nephrotoxicity. The main goal of the present study is to clarify the possible protective role of grape seed oil on the neurotoxicity induced by lead acetate as well as its effects on plasma and brain concentrations of Lead acetate.Material and methods: In this study, ۴۸ male Sprague-Dawley adult male rats were used. They divided into ۶ groups and received drugs (scopolamine IP injections, grape seed oil oral gavage, lead acetate dissolved in the drinking water & distilled water gavage) according to a ۶۰ days protocol. After ۶۰ days of treatments the brain tissues were extracted and FRAP test, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation and glutathione levels in brain tissues were determined using spectrometry methods.Results: The results showed that the level of oxidative stress in the test group was significantly increased compared to the control group, which included a decrease (P <۰.۰۰۱) in the amount of regenerative glutathione and in antioxidant power as well as an increase in malondialdehyde and carbonyl protein. The results of the antioxidant effect of grape seed oil showed that it can significantly reduce oxidants in brain tissue of all animals after chronic exposure to lead acetate.Discussion and Conclusion: According to the results, chronic exposure to lead acetate can cause glutathione depletion, lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation impairment which is similar to that of scopolamine (the standard model for Alzheimer’s induction). Also, grape seed oil can reduce the neurological damages and all oxidative markers caused by chronic toxicity with lead acetate.

Lead acetate, Grape seed oil, Brain, FRAP, Lipid peroxidation, Glutathione