Alaa S. Taeh - Department Materials Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Alaa A. Abdul-Hamead - Department Materials Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Farhad M. Othman - Department Materials Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq

The demand for ceramic products for orthopedic applications is increasing due to the lowest rate of wear. A fourth-generation ceramic (BIOLOX delta; CeramTec.) consists of ۸۲ wt. % Al۲O۳, ۱۷ wt. % (۱.۳ Yttria Stabilized ZrO۲), ۰.۵ wt. % strontium oxide, and ۰.۵ wt. % chromium oxide. It has good mechanical properties compared to the other generations of ceramics (BIOLOX forte and pure alumina), which may increase the range of movement and decrease the rate of dislocation. This ceramic composite (delta) has a smaller grain size (۰.۶ μm) than previous alumina composites (۱.۸ μm). So, this paper tries to obtain the smallest grain size on the scale of nanometers to improve biolox properties and good distribution for its components. By the sol-gel method, the BIOLOX delta was prepared from the gel precursor and sintering at ۱۱۰۰ °C for ۲ h in the oven. The heat-up rate was ۵ °C/min. As-obtained particles were characterized before and after sintering temperature using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The dried powder which was obtained consists of phases, γ-Al۲O۳, θ-Al۲O۳, and δ-Al۲O۳, while ZrO۲ is found as (t + m) ZrO۲ after calcination and the obtained average grain size was (۱۰.۹۴ nm).

ZTA, Biolox, Orthopedic, Sol-Gel, Composite, SEM, XRD