Chee Hoe Cheah - Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, ۵۷۰۰۰ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Anna Pick Kiong Ling - Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, ۵۷۰۰۰ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Ying Pei Wong - Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, ۵۷۰۰۰ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Rhun Yian Koh - Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, ۵۷۰۰۰ Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sobri Hussein - Agrotechnology and Biosciences Division, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, ۴۳۰۰۰ Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Background: It is believed that activation of microglia in the central nervous system upon detection of stimulus like lipopolysaccharides provokes neuroinflammation via the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. The cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of various folk medicine has been gaining attention as a strategy to combat various disease. This study aimed to assess the antineuroinflammatory properties of chloroform extract of in vitro Panax ginseng root culture based on nitric oxide and cytokines production. Methods: The study was initiated with the determination of maximum non-toxic dose (MNTD) of P.ginseng root culture chloroform extract using the MTT assay. The lipopolysaccharides-stimulated BV۲ microglia cells were treated with MNTD and ½MNTD of the extract and its anti-neuroinflammatory properties were assessed by measuring the production of nitric oxide (NO) via Griess assay, as well as TNF-α, IL-۶ and IL-۱۰ using Quantikine ELISA. Results: It was found that the MNTD and ½MNTD of the extract did not play a significant role in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, TNF-α and IL-۶. However, the MNTD and ½MNTD of chloroform extract significantly increased the anti-inflammatory IL-۱۰ compared to the untreated cells. Conclusions: With this, the chloroform extract of P. ginseng root culture potentially exerts antineuroinflammatory properties.

Anti-inflammatory cytokines, Ginsenosides, Microglia cells, Neuroinflammation, Pro-inflammatory cytokines