Ayşen Cakir - Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey
Busra Ocalan - Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey
Cansu Koc - Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bursa, Turkey
Guldal Gulec Suyen - Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
Mehmet Cansev - Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Bursa, Turkey
Nevzat Kahveci - Bursa Uludag University School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Bursa, Turkey

Objective(s): Sleep has a pivotal role in learning-memory and sleep deprivation (SD) negatively affects synaptic functioning. Cytidine-۵-diphosphocholine (Citicoline) has been known to improve learning and memory functions. Our objective was to explore the effects of Citicoline on hippocampal and cortical synaptic proteins in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep-deprived rats.Materials and Methods: Rats (n=۳۶) were randomly divided into ۶ groups. Environmental control or sleep deprivation was done by placing the rat on a ۱۳ cm diameter platform (Large Platform [LP] group) or on a ۶.۵ cm diameter platform (REMSD group), respectively, for ۹۶ hours. Rats randomized for controls (Home Cage [HC] group) were followed up in home cages. Rats in each of the REMSD, LP or HC group were randomized to receive either saline (۰,۹%NaCl) or Citicoline (۶۰۰ μmol/kg) intraperitoneally twice a day for four days. After the experiments, rats were sacrificed; their cerebral cortices and hippocampi were dissected for analyzing the levels of pre-synaptic proteins synaptophysin and synapsin I, and the post-synaptic density protein-۹۵ (PSD-۹۵) by Western-blotting. Results: Hippocampal levels of PSD-۹۵, but not the pre-synaptic proteins, were reduced by REM sleep deprivation. Citicoline treatment ameliorated the reduction in PSD-۹۵ levels in REM sleep-deprived rats. On the other hand, REM sleep deprivation was not found to be significantly effective on pre- or post-synaptic proteins in cerebral cortex.Conclusion: REM sleep deprivation reduces hippocampal PSD-۹۵ levels which are enhanced by Citicoline treatment. These data propose that Citicoline may ameliorate the adverse effects of SD on hippocampal synaptic functioning. 

Citicoline, Postsynaptic density protein-۹۵, REM Sleep, Sleep deprivation, Synapsin I, Synaptophysin