Majid Baghdadi - School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Javan - School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Tahere Taghizade Firozjaee - Faculty of Civil & Architectural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran.
Nioushasadat Haji Seyed Javadi - School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Mahshid Mortazavi - School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Ali Torabian - School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

In this study, the effect of antibiotic wastewater containing ۲۰ common pharmaceuticals (۱۴ antibiotics and ۶ non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)) individually as well as their combination was investigated on activatedsludge in batch reactors. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), the ammonium concentration, the inhibition rate and toxicity index of COD and ammonium were investigated in wastewater. The inhabitation for COD and ammonium removal was variable for each drug so that the pharmaceuticals are applied simultaneously had such a greater adverse effect on inhibition rate than individual compounds. The pretreatment of wastewaters containing drugs was performed by powdered activated carbon PAC to reduce the adverse effect of these drugs on activated sludge. The appropriate method for separation of PAC from wastewater before introducing to activated sludge process and the optimized adsorption and contact time during the pretreatment process were studied. The pretreatment of pharmaceuticals wastewater with activated carbon improved well COD and NH۴+ removal to ۷۱ % and ۵۵ %, respectively, that demonstrate the activated carbon can be considered as a suitable pretreatment option for the activated sludge.

Pharmaceutical, Toxicity, Activated sludge, Pretreatment, Activated carbon