Mehdi Mirzaei - PhD, Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodaafarin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomarlo, Iran
Maerefat Piri - Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodaafarin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomarlo, Iran
Amin Komeili - Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodaafarin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomarlo, Iran
Morad Amirpour - Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodaafarin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomarlo, Iran
Ali Golizadehlarijan - Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodaafarin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomarlo, Iran
Habib Kalilifard - Department of Electrical Engineering, Khodaafarin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khomarlo, Iran

This paper presents a novel approach to optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) for state estimation. At first, an optimal measurement set is determined to achieve full network observability during normal conditions, i.e. no PMU failure or transmission line outage. Then, in order to consider con- angency conditions, the derived scheme in normal conditions is modified to maintain network observability after any PMU loss or a single transmission line outage. Observability analysis is carried out using topological observability rules. A new rule is added that can decrease the number of required PMUs for complete system observability. A modified Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (VPSO) algorithm is used as an optimization tool to obtain the minimal number of PMUs and their corresponding locations while satisfying associated constraint. Numerical results on different IEEE test systems are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Optimal placement, PMUs, VPSO, PMU