Hoyam Yousif Hussin Alimam - Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum Sudan.
Waleed Abdelateif Hussein - Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum Sudan.
Sabah Ibrahim - Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University, Sudan.
Sara Abdelgani - Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al- Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan.
Nahed Alharthi - Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al Khari- ۱۱۹۴۲, Riyadh, KSA.
Lienda Bashier Eltayeb - Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul-Aziz University, Al Khari- Riyadh, KSA.
Salih Abdelgadir Elmahdi - Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, The National Ribat University,Khartoum, Sudan.
AbdElkarim Abobakr Abdrabo - Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, The National Ribat University, Khartoum, Sudan.

Background: Diabetes-related vascular complications linked to increase in the expression of VEGF and its receptors. It helps to accelerate tissue damage inflicted by hyperglycemia, which is potential risk for diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess VEGF genetic polymorphism and its correlation with glucose and HbA۱C level among Sudanese patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Methods: A case-control study was conducted among a total of ۲۵۲ subjects and divided into four groups of ۶۳ subjects each. Glucose and HBA۱c were measured then the VEGF gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The HBA۱c, and blood glucose levels had significantly (P value≤۰.۰۰۰۰۱) highest mean in the DR group, DN group followed by DM. There is a non-significant correlation between VEGF Genotypes and HbA۱c, and blood glucose levels (P value≤۰.۱۰۲, ۰.۱۷۳) Patients with GC genotypes will be ۷۴.۶%, and ۵۴% higher at risk to develop DR, and DN respectively and ۴۰ % lower at risk to develop DM than those without GC genotype. While patients with CC genotypes will be ۲۲.۲% higher at risk of developing DM and ۹.۵%, ۱۲.۲% higher at risk of developing DR and DN respectively. Conclusions: The VEGF +۴۰۵G/C gene polymorphism is linked to diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in type ۲ Sudanese diabetics, and the presence of the GC genotypes and G allele is a significant predictor for retinopathy. There is no significant relation between HbA۱C serum levels, blood glucose, and the VEGF +۴۰۵G/C gene polymorphism.

Keywords: Diabetic Nephropathy, Diabetic Retinopathy, Blood Glucose, HbA۱c, Gene polymorphism, VEGF-A.