Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh - Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Maliheh Entezari - Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Mehrdad Hashemi - Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Hashemi Balighiyeh - Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

One of the most significant factors in reducing the birth rate is male infertility, and one of the main reasons for male infertility is scrotal hyperthermia (SH) which Hyperthermia causes infertility in men following an increase in testicular temperature. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of CoQ۱۰, Curcumin, Vitamin D and vitamin E combined with Iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe۲O۳-NPs) on semen parameters and its effect on miRNA۲۱ expression.Materials and Methods: ۴۸ adult male Wistar rats were kept in animal house conditions. Then the animals were killed. Tissue samples were taken to analyze sperm such as sperm viability, motility, concentration, and morphology, and assess the level of apoptosis in germ cells and RNA extraction to evaluate the expression of miRNA genes.Results: The results of this study showed that Fe۲O۳ nanoparticles led to a sharp decrease in sperm parameters, Nevertheless, CoQ۱۰ enormously improved sperm parameters in SH rats. Certainly, combining curcumin, vitamin D and vitamin E with Fe۲O۳-NPs can improve the parameters of semen, Bax gene expression and Bcl-۲ as well as miRNA in rats with testicularhyperthermia. Furthermore, curcumin by reducing the toxicity of Fe۲O۳ nanoparticles was able to reduce its negative effects and also reduce apoptosis in germ cells. This decrease in apoptosis was attributed to decreased Bcl-۲ gene expression and increased expression of Bax and miRNA-۲۱.Conclusion: Results of this study confirmed that Fe۲O۳-NPs containing antioxidants or vitamins are useful in improving fertility in rats due to scrotal hyperthermia. Moreover, Fe۲O۳-NPs containing both antioxidants and vitamins had a greater effect on improving fertility and reducing the toxic effects of nanoparticles. So green synthesis of nanoparticles with theadministration of antioxidants is recommended for the treatment of SH

Nanoparticles, Scrotal Hyperthermia, antioxidant, Vitamin, miRNA