Parham Mottaghian - Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Afshin Raoofi - Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Omid Madadgar - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Arya Badiei - Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Alborz, Iran.
Iradj Ashrafi Tamai - Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

Background: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK or “pink eye”) is the most common infectious ocular disease in cattle worldwide. In addition to Moraxella bovis as the principal causative agent, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-۱) and Mycoplasma species probably act as risk factors for IBK.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the detection of Mycoplasma sp., bovine herpesvirus ۱ (BHV-۱), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in the conjunctival sac of the eye and IBK.Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Mycoplasma sp., BHV-۱, and BVDV in samples collected from IBK-affected and healthy eyes.Results: Based on the PCR results, Mycoplasma sp. was detected in ۶۳.۶% and ۴۷.۲% of IBK-affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BHV-۱ was detected in ۵۹.۱% and ۳۶.۱% of affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BVDV was detected in ۶۵.۹% and ۵۸.۳% of affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BHV-۱ was the only agent significantly (P<۰.۰۵) associated with IBK lesions (isolated from ۵۹.۱% of affected vs ۳۶.۱% of healthy eyes). Conclusion: Based on the study results, BHV-۱ may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, and mechanisms other than immune depression might be involved in its pathogenicity.

BHV-۱, BVDV, Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, Mycoplasma sp