Danial Hashemi Karoii - Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology,College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Hossein Azizi - Faculty of biotechnology, Amol University of Special ModernTechnologies, Amol, Iran

Background: One of the protein-coding gene produced inspermatogenesis is late cornified envelope like proline rich ۱(LELP۱), a zinc finger protein with a KRAB domain. LELP۱has a variety of functions, including killing of cells of otherorganism, defense response to gram-negative bacterium, anddefense response to gram-positive bacterium.Materials and Methods: This research looked at two populationsof human testicular cancer and normal spermatogoniato see how LELP۱ was expressed. We examined LELP۱ expressionin vivo and in vitro by immunocytochemistry (ICC),immunohistochemistry (IMH), and Fluidigm real-time polymerasechain reaction. In addition, Enrich and Shiny Gene Ontologydatabases were used for pathway enrichment analysisand gene ontology.Results: According to IMH data, basal membrane had minimalLELP۱ expression whereas the center of seminiferous tubuleshad a high concentration. The LELP۱ antibody was positivelyexpressed in the colonies of separated testicular cancer differentiatedspermatogonia, according to ICC analysis, whereasLELP۱ expression in the normal population was negative underin vitro conditions. LELP۱ expression in testicular cancerdifferentiated spermatogonia was significantly higher than inhealthy differentiated spermatogonia, according to Fluidigmreal-time PCR analysis (p < ۰.۰۵). STRING and Cytoscapeanalyses presented seven genes, i.e., late cornified envelope ۳C,Caspase-۱۴, Involucrin, and Late cornified envelope protein ۱F,as the hub genes involved in infertility with LELP۱ co-functionand protein–protein interaction.Conclusion: Our findings shown that LELP۱ is an essentialfunction in the differentiation stages of testicular germ cells andthat LELP۱ is increased in the spermatogenesis stages. Thesefindings back up cutting-edge in vitro and in vivo studies of thespermatogenic process and cancer therapy.

LELP۱, Spermatogonia, Testicular Cancer, Germ