Ayob Akbari - Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Ahmad Nasiri - Associated Professor, Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Mahdi Heidari - Translator and Executive Expert, Deputy of Research and Technology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Abdolakim Ghasemi - Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Alireza Amirabadizadeh - Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Ferydoon Keramatinia - Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran

Introduction: Shivering after anaesthesia and surgery is a common complication. Different methods are used for control of shivering in the recovery room. The opioids such as pethidine are very common in shivering control. Pethidine can be induced apnea, respiratory depression and nausea &vomiting. The respiratory rate and spo۲ can lead to more rapid diagnosis and treatment of serious hypoxemia and possibly avoid serious complication.The present study is a randomized clinical trial aimed to survey Rrespiratory Rate, SPO۲, nausea and vomiting in the use of three methods(warmed intravenous fluids, combined warming and pethidine) in the abdominal surgery patients with shivering. Methods: ۸۷ patients in randomized clinical trial study with abdominal surgery by general anesthesia were assigned to three groups (two intervention groups in comparison with pethidine as routine) randomly. When patients meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study, entered one of the three groups by simple Lottery. Patients in warmed intravenous fluids group received pre-warmed Ringer serum (۳۸°C), patients in combined warming group received pre-warmed Ringer serum (۳۸°C) accompanied by humid-warm oxygen, and patients in pethidine group received intravenous pethidine routinely. The Respiratory Rate and SPO۲ of the participants were assessed for ۲۰ min postoperatively in the recovery room. Then the collected data they were analyzed by chi-square, ANOVA, repeated ANOVA test, Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, Mann–Whitney U test, Tukey test, Friedman test, and repeated measurements through software SPSS (v. ۱۸) with the significance level (P<۰.۰۵). Results: The mean of SPO۲ and RR in the pethidine group was decreased, spo۲ from ۹۸% to ۹۷% and RR from ۱۶ to ۱۵. But those changes weren't statistically significant (p>۰.۰۵). In the combined warming groups the mean of SPO۲ was clear increased from ۹۶% to ۹۸% and this change was statistically significant (p=۰.۰۳۱) but the mean of RR have no change. In the warmed intravenous serum group, the RR and SPO۲ were slight decreased and weren't statistically significant (P >۰.۰۵). In the pethidine group ۱۱% of patients have nausea& vomiting. Conclusions: The pethidine induce apnea and respiratory depression. despite this effects and other side effects, the combined warming can be useful for shivering treatment.

Meperidine, Infusions, Intravenous, Shivering, Respiratory Rate, Vomiting