Fatemehsadat hoseininasab - Department of cellular and Molecular Biology , Faculty of Advenced Sciences and technology,Tehran,Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Issa Layali - Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology,Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

With the rapid increase in the incidence of cervical cancer, anal cancer and other cancers, humanpapillomavirus (HPV) infection has become a growing concern. Persistent infection with high‐risk HPV isa major cause of malignant tumors. In addition, microbiota and viruses such as humanimmunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein–Barr virus are closely associated with HPVinfection. The limited effectiveness of existing treatments for HPV‐associated tumors and the high ratesof recurrence and metastasis in patients create an urgent need for novel and effective approaches. Inrecent years, HPV vaccine coverage has increased and can reduce the incidence of serious adverseevents. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of HPV biology, microbiome, and otherviral interactions in cancer development, highlighting the need for a more comprehensive approach tocancer prevention and treatment. Current and emerging HPV‐related cancer control and treatmentstrategies are also further explored.

cancer, HPV, infection, microbiota, vaccine