Parvin Ahmadinejad - Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Abdolhamid Tajvar - Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran.
Morteza Mortazavi - Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Sara Arjmand - Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Sanaz Nasiri Namin - Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
Zahra Zamanian - Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Milad Derakhshanjazari - Military Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Exposure to music and temperature variations can influence physiological state and impact human error. This study aims to investigate the combined and independent effects of music and temperature changes on heart rate (HR) and human error. Materials and Methods: This interventional study was conducted on ۱۴ participants (۷ men and ۷ women) under controlled conditions in ۲۰۱۸. The subjects experienced four types of music (Rock, Rap, Pop, and Iranian traditional music) at the noise pressure level of ۷۵ dB, along with temperatures of ۲۰, ۲۵, and ۳۰ °C independently and in combination, within an acoustic room with controlled temperature conditions. HR and human error rate were measured using a HR meter and a researcher-made text with spelling mistakes, respectively. Results: Using SPSS ۱۹, data analysis revealed that exposure to traditional Iranian and rock music in temperatures deviating by ۵ °C from ۲۵ °C was associated with increased errors in detecting spelling mistakes (p < ۰.۰۵). Interestingly, traditional and rock music did not significantly affect HR across temperatures of ۲۰, ۲۵, and ۳۰ °C (p > ۰.۰۵). Conclusion: Listening to traditional Iranian and rock music in conditions with approximately ۵ °C cooler or warmer than room temperature can have a positive and constructive effect on HR and reduce human error. The use of this type of music has potential implications for optimizing environmental conditions, especially in workplaces where such factors are critical.

Human Error, Heart Function Tests, Music, Temperature.