Abdollah Banihashem - MD Pediatric Hematology Associate Professor .Dr. Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mahboube Davoudi KangSofla - MSc Nursing Student, nurse of Pediatric emergency, Dr. Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Akram Rabbani Javadi - Master of nursing education. Educational Supervisor of Dr.Shehik Hospital in Mashhad, MSc in Nursing Education
Havva Abdollahi - Master of nursing education, Dr. Sheikh Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran .

Introduction: Definition of fever is The body temperature above 38 ° C at one time or more than 38 ° C at several times . Neutropenia refers to the reduction in the number of peripheral blood neutrophils to less than 500 to 1000, which classified as mild, moderate and severe. Neutropenia types include inherited, acquired, periodic, autoimmune and benign idiopathic neutropenia. Acquired neutropenia is the most common type, often associated with drug treatment. The most commonly used drugs that cause neutropenia and consequently increase the risk of infection and fever are chemotherapy drugs used to treat various types of cancers and immunological diseases. Fever and neutropenia; one of the medical emergencies and causes of re-admission in cancer patients and reducing immunodeficiency. The main causes of fever and neutropenia in these patients are bacterial and fungal infections. Fever and neutropenia occur in 10 to 50% of patients with solid tumors and 80% of patients with leukemia .This disease is 7 to 12 days of admission and costs over $ 1,500. Method: Considering the importance of fever and neutropenia in children, this descriptive crosssectional study was carry out at the Dr. Sheikh Pediatric Hospital Mashhad from the beginning of 1395 to the end of the year. In this study, the patients referred to this hospital studied. For age, sex, number of admissions and admissions. Result: In 1395 the total number of children who were hospitalized with a diagnosis of fever and neutropenia was 89 of 15 patients in the emergency department, 1 person in nephrology and others were hospitalized in Hematology 30% of the patients were female and the rest were boys. The interval between children ages 2 months to 10 years. The number of readmissions was 1 to 4 times, with 13 of them being re-admitted. After treatment, 39 patients with partial remission and 50 follow-up treatment discharged. Discussion: Fever and neutropenia are a common clinical problem in childhood cancers. Neutropenic patients are susceptible to a wide range of infections. As a result, prevention and treatment of infections are very important in treating cancer effectively. The extensive use of broadspectrum antibiotics to treat and reduce the symptoms of the disease is obvious .The mortality rate in patients with severe fever if not treated appropriately, 40% have been reported. With timely treatment can reduce complications.

fever, neutropenia , Pediatric