Yasaman Hosseini - Master of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Urban and Architecture, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University
Shiva Ebrahimi Fakhar - Master of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Art, University of Tehran

Architecture and urban design of Russia are influenced by a variety of ideologies, historical events, and political approaches throughout its history.One of the most impactful ideologies in Russia was Socialism and Communism against the Tsar kingdom to protect labors rights, who are the main consumers of industrial landscapes. Shortly after, the Rise of the industrial revolution and the advent of new technologies significantly contributed to the urbanization of Soviet Union’s industrial landscape. Subsequently, factories and industrial places with high scale be-came new members of cities and parts of the landscape of several cities in Russia.The appearance of such buildings with great scale, high chimneys, and enormous shape and forms make a new facade for cities such as Moscow and Saint Petersburg. These industrial landscapes have a different visual proportion, and these figures provide a new identity for these cities. This paper, with a qualitative approach, investigates these effects of industrialization on the landscape of cities of Russia by perusing the historical background of Russian cities and analyzing its noticeable effect on Moscow and Saint Pe-tersburg.

landscape urbanism; industrial landscape; Russian City; Moscow; Saint Petersburg