Reyhaneh Shafieian - Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Alireza Fazel - Microanatomy research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Hamed Abachizadeh - Prosthodontist & Implantologistogenic, Private center
Alireza brahimzadeh-bideskan - Microanatomy research center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Introduction Due to the formerly-declared disadvantages of autologous bone transplantation known as the gold standard approach to reconstruction of osseous defects, bone tissue engineering (BTE) strategies have gathered raised interest to accomplish this goal, especially in the craniofacial skeleton. Objectives This study was designed to track injected human MSCs into the canine mandibular defects in order to determine if these cells contributed in formation of newly-formed bone tissue. Methods Through-and through defects perpendicular to the lateral cortex were created in canine mandible and then were filled with autologous bone or a combination of PRP/TCP or human-derived MSCs+PRP+TCP. Inserted hAdMSCs were BrdU-labeled to trace their contribution to bone tissue regeneration. Cell tracing was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) (against BrdU and human osteocalcin protein) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (against osteocalcin mRNA) methods. Results It was obviously shown that hAdMSCs were incorporated into the newly-formed bone tissue of canine host. As long as BrdU-labled osteocytes were obviously detected throughout the newly-formed bone tissue, human osteocalcin was also detected. . Conclusion Based on the results of this study, xenogeneic stem cells directly stimulated and attended the formation of new bone tissue through secreting bone tissue ECM; although paracrine effects of stem cells was obviously much stronger than its direct effect.

Tissue engineering, Regenerative medicine, Adipose stem cell, Immunohistochemistry, PCR