آزمایش سازگاری ارقام مختلف صنوبر جهت معرفی مناسب ترین آنها به بخش اجرا در سنندج

‭In this trial 24 Poplar clones( 10 clone were belonged to Populus deltoids, P. euramericana , P.alba as open crown varieties and 14 clone were belonged to P.nigra as closed crown varieties ) were studied in the border land of Sanandaj during 2001-2008. Planting of cuttings were accomplished in early March of 2000 and transplanting of saplings and planting of them were conducted in early April of 2001 with space of 4 x 4m for open crown varieties(OCV) and 3 x 3m for closed crown varieties(CCV) in 2 separated experiments each both based on the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Each plot contain 25 saplings that were planted as 5 x 5 (9 saplings as main and 16 for border effect). In each year, some of morphological, phonological and qualitative traits were evaluated. Results showed that first and second years after planting ( 2000-2001) were" relative establishing phase" of saplings and mentioned years showed a very low portion of the total trunk diameter in 1.3cm height (D), tree height (H) and cumulative wood volume (V) growths. Total means of D, H and V in OCV in the sixth year of experiment (2007) as final measured year were 18.69cm, 11.51m and 109.88 m‬شط‭/ha respectively and in CCV were 15.21cm, 9.82 m and 107.55 m‬شط‭/ha respectively. Analysis of variance based on RCBD model showed significant differences at p 0.01among Poplar clones for all studied traits in both OCVand CCV. This provides a suitable background for selection of superior varieties. The combined analysis of variance revealed significant differences variety x year interaction variance indicating that varieties responses to years change were differently. According to the comparisons of means with Duncan's test (p .01) in OCV, clones of P.e. 561/41, P.d . 63/2 and P.d. 63/1 respectively with trunk diameter equal to 22.05, 21.44 and 20.60cm, tree height equal to 12.68 , 12.67and 12.75 m, and cumulative wood volume(V) in the end of experiment equal to 159.01, 148.17 and 141.96 m‬شط‭/ha, average year volume growth(AV) equal to 26.50, 24.70 and 23.66 m‬شط ‭per year per hectare (m3/y/ha) and missing percentage due to drought stress in 2007 about 33.33%, 23.08% and 23.08% respectively were superior clones among studied clones for wood yield. In CCV, clones of P.n. 56/52, P.n. 56/75, P.n.62/140, and P.n. 63/135 respectively with trunk diameter equal to 17.87, 18.28, 15.73 and 16.00cm , tree height equal to 10.61, 9.94, 10.53 and 10.01m, cumulative wood volume(V) in the end of experiment equal to 153.68, 148.79, 119.87 and 118.19 m‬شط‭/ha, average year volume growth(AV) equal to 25.61, 24.80, 19.98 and 19.70 m‬شط‭/y/ha and missing percentage due to drought stress in 2007 about 25.93%, 29.63%, 40.74% and 48.15% respectively were superior clones among studied clones for wood yield. Superior clones showed general juiciness of good,with,mainly safe from a contamination by pests point (in the normal conditions of 2000-2007) and clear trunks with1-2 branches. The wood yield of superior OCV was 1.3-1.5 multiple of clones mean and 3-3.5 multiple of standard clone (P.alba saghez) and The wood yield of superior CCV was about 1.1-1.4 multiple of clones mean and 1.3- 1.6 multiple of 2 standard clones (P.n.Saghez and P.n.Grizah) mean. Kind and order of superior clones in the third to seventh years of trial mostly was a like. Therefore, decreasing of study time from 10 to 5 years in adaptation popleteum could be possible. Results of the regression analysis of variables on the V as dependent variable showed significant variance and regression coefficients (p 0.01) for D, H, CD and LW variables . The cumulative wood volume(V) showe positive significant (p 0.01)correlation with D, H and CD in OCV and all studied traits in CCV. Depending to the year and the clone, studied OC clones began opening of leaves in early April to early May and finished fall in the late of November to early December while CC clones began opening of leaves in medium April to early May and finished fall in the early November to late of December, depending to year and clone. The occurred drought stress in the 2007 resulted in (i) decreasing of growth of all clones and changing of order of superior clones both in OCV and CCV, (ii) attacking of Melanophylla picta to field due to poor growth as secondary stress and (iii) early fall in the all clones. Because of various environmental stresses in Iran, we recommend that the stress effects (mainly drought stress) and clone tolerance as important parameters in clone selection and breeding programs be evaluated in future studies of clone adaptation.‬