بررسی تعیین کارآیی دستگاههای مختلف موجود در مرحله فرآوری در جداسازی پسته های مشکوک به آلودگی به آفلاتوکسین در باغ

Separation of contaminated pistachio in orchard is one of the most important functions of processing. Several pistachio processing machines are made in Iran. In this research efficiency of ordinary of these machines in order to Separation of contaminated pistachio in orchard were evaluated. A pistachio orchard with Owhadi cultivar that suitable and unifonn agro technical practices had done and mechanized pistachio processing were selected in jalal-abad region of Sirjan city. Doubtful pistachio to aflatoxin contamination were harvested in three replications in suitable time of harvest. Harvested pistachios were divided to two equal groups and then transformed to different processing stage with different machines, two types of huller (huller with iron blade and huller with plastic blade), two types of floating tank (silent water and pumped water) and wind separator (dry separator), screen and hand sorter. Separated pistachios with mentioned machines were weighted after draying and their aflatoxin were measured by TLC method. Obtained data after modification were statically analyzed in complete randomized bloke design. Results obtained from comparison iron huller with plastic huller were shown that 85% doubtful pistachio to aflatoxin contamination were dehulled by iron blade huller, whereas 54% of them were dehulled by plastic blade huller. There were statistical significant differences between them. Lower dehulled predicting to aflatoxin contamination pistachios is higher efficiency; therefore plastic huller was better than iron huller. Separation pistachio amount in floating tank (silent water and pumped water) and wind separator (dry separator) was 43, 59.2 and 1.1 percent respectively. These differences were statistically significant .therefore efficiency of pumped water tank was better than other systems. The greatest amount of small pistachio existed in soaked pistachio in wind separator system and the lowest belonged to soaked pistachio in pumped water tank system. Stained shell pistachio amount in soaked pistachio in wind separator system were the greatest (22.3%) whereas amount of these pistachios in pumped water tank and silent water tank systems were 10.9 and 7 respectively. Aflatoxin amount in floated pistachio of silent water tank, pumped water tank and wind separator was 12.3, 1.8 and 22.8 ppb respectively. Aflatoxin amount in small pistachio in soaked pistachio of silent floating tank, pumped floating tank and wind separator was 5, 2.6 and 19.4 ppb and in stained and deformed pistachio was 1.7,22.5 and 27.3 ppb respectively.