The Significance of GPC1+ circulating exosomes in early detection of Pancreatic Cancer

Introduction: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer. The 5-year survival rate for PDAC is low because it is always diagnosed in late-stage and is resistant to treatment. Patients whose disease is diagnosed in its early stages have better outcomes. This is due to access to more treatment options, including surgery.Description: Early diagnosis of PDAC for better treatment is important. Liquid biopsy such as detecting the circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free circulating nucleic acids (cfNAs), and microvesicles such as exosomes containing nucleic acids and proteins, which are released into the body fluid, usually into the blood, are methods that can diagnose cancer well. Bioinformatic analyses revealed 48 proteins in the cancer cell-derived exosomes. Glypican-1 (GPC1) is a membrane-anchored protein that overexpressed in a variety of cancers, including breast and pancreas cancer.Discussion and Conclusion: Analysis of liquid biopsy sample can be a good tool for early diagnosis, prognosis and for monitoring of responses to the primary tumor and metastatic disease, by taking multiple or serial biopsies, it allows us to monitor tumor facilitates characterization of Treatment allows selection of the optimal therapy according to changes in the therapeutic response. Several studies have shown that glypican-1 (GPC1), specifically enriched on cancer cell-derived exosomes is a good biomarker for early detection of pancreatic cancer. Today routine screening for PDAC in general population is MRI or CT that is very expensive and has a high false-positive rate. Several studies have shown that GPC1+ crExos is a reliable marker for the diagnosis of early PDAC.