ESTIMATION OF FORCES IN TUNNEL LINING DUE TO EARTHQUAKE SHEAR WAVES CONSIDERING GROUNDTUNNEL INTERACTION

it is known that deformations are the most important factor in seismic analysis of tunnels and undergroung structures. When a tunnel structure is subjected to an earthquake shear deformations develop in the tunnel lining these deformations are the most critical factor that threatens the tunnel structure use of numerical analysis programs inorder to find a reliable solution with taking in to account the soil- structure interaction , is inievitable however a large time consuming is required.