A Mathematical Model of Immunotherapy of Bladder Cancer and Evaluation of Optimal Control Approach

This paper presents a mathematical model of immunotherapy of bladder cancer, and then examines the optimal control approach. Bladder Vaccine has been used for immunotherapy of bladder cancer and BCG has been used as a stimulant of immune cells against BCG-infected tumor cells, as well as the suppressive effect of immune checkpoints on tumor cells and immune cells have been studied in this model. All numerical simulations in MATLAB have been performed for without control of BCG vaccine Concentration and control BCG vaccine concentrations.