An Ultra-Lightweight Mutual Authentication Protocol based on LPN Problem with Distance Fraud Resistant

RFID tags are one of the main enablers of theinternet of things. All objects have to be equipped with anElectronic Product Code(EPC) such as RFID tags. Because ofminimizing the price, RFID environments are resource-scarce,then designing ultra-lightweight authentication protocols is ofgreat importance. Many ultra-lightweight authenticationprotocols such as HB family protocols are proposed. One of themost important threats against HB family protocols is a type ofman-in-the-middle(MIM) attack called GRS. Also, in the realworld, IoT requires mutual authentication that traditional HBprotocols do not support it.Besides, misconceptions about reader-tag distance couldcreate problems in several applications especially in contactlesssystems such as access control and electronic payment systems,which could be damaged by distance-based frauds. In the presentwork, we have proposed a novel distance bounding protocolbased on HB family protocols with four major characteristics: ۱)It can resist terrorist, mafia, and distance fraud attacks; ۲) It is alightweight mutual authentication protocol capable of being usedin low-cost IoT equipment such as NFC and RFID; ۳) It employsa hard problem that be post-quantum resistant, and ۴) Itidentifies and solves the weaknesses of HB protocols includingGRS attacks. The proposed protocol has also been shown to beable to address the known weaknesses and attacks in distancefrauds and HB family protocols.