Effect of Applied Voltage on the Formation of TiO۲ Nanotube on Titanium Substrate using Anodizing Process

In the anodizing process of active materials such as titanium, various parameters such as pH, temperature, applied voltage and time, electrolyte composition, etc. affect the formation of the oxide layer during anodising process. In this study, commercial pure titanium as substrate was used to evaluate the effect of voltage and anodizing process on titanium oxide (TiO۲). Nanotubes obtained in ۱% HF electrolyte from ۱۰ to ۳۰ volts at ۶۰ to ۱۲۰ minutes. According to field emission scanning electron microscopy studies, nanotube structure of titanium oxide was observed and the diameter and length of nanotubes increase with increasing anode process voltage, and nanotubes become non-uniform and irregular with increasing anode process voltage. Uniform nanotubes with a size of ۲۷ to ۳۲ nm were obtained at a voltage of ۱۰ volts for ۶۰ and ۱۲۰ minutes. And by increasing the voltage of the anodizing process to ۳۰ volts, a porous structure is formed