A review of the concepts, elements and fundamentals of the Internet of Things and related technologies

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, human interaction with computers is expanding rapidly. Since this expansion of interaction affects different aspects of human life, it is necessary for human beings to find an understanding of the basics, components and nature of computers and related technologies, and adjust their relationship dimensions with them. One of the new concepts born in this industrial revolution is the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT). In this research, considering the three-layer architecture, an attempt has been made to explain various principles and concepts in the field of Internet of Things. In this regard, at first the generalities about the fourth industrial revolution, IoT and IoT architecture are stated and then, the first layer of IoT architecture (physical tools layer) is explained and finally the third layer (cyberspace) is described.