Inhibitory effects of some mosses extracts on phytopathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo

Mosses are a group of simple, small and xerophyte plants that have been shown to have anti-cancer, antimicrobial and anti-fungal effects.In order to evaluate the antifungal effects of mosses, the extracts were made using ethanol, methanol, acetone and distilled water then they were tested against four phytopathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani, F. pseudograminareum, and Bipolaris sorokiniana on PDA medium by using disc-diffusion method and compared with the effects of industrial fungicides Benomyl, Difenoconazole and Tetraconazole. The experiment was conducted with three replications. Finally, data were processed using SAS ۹.۲ software. Statistical analysis of results was based on Duncan significance test. Differences of p<۰.۰۵ were considered significant. The results showed that, ethanolic extracts produced significant inhibitory effects on tested fungi. In order to investigate the effect of moss extracts in vivo, wheat seeds of “Chamran” cultivar were implanted into moss extract and then transfered into pots containing ۱: ۱۰ mixture of soil and soil contaminated with tested fungi. After ۳۵ days, the root and crown of wheat plants were examined. In vivo observations had also indicated that, ethanolic extracts can control the root and crown rot significantly.