Sequence analysis of Newcastle disease virus isolates in the Middle East from ۲۰۱۰ to ۲۰۲۰

Newcastle disease (ND) is caused by a virulent strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The viral disease has a high number of mortality and morbidity in birds. Due to this, there is no effective treatment for this infectious disease and options are mostly vaccination and following the sanitary protocols. The circulating NDVs in a specific region shows specifications related to that place. So, a comparative study may help to understand the features of viruses in that region. For this purpose, we designed a study to evaluate the NDVs circulating in the Middle East during ۲۰۱۰ and ۲۰۲۰. For this purpose, Sequences were obtained through a database of isolates stored in GenBank® (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA). The used isolates were all obtained from Middle Eastern countries. This study has investigated the homology, pathotype, genetic distance, and molecular phylogenetic analysis of circulating NDVs in Middle Eastern countries by In Silico approaches.Our result showed that six countries didn’t participate in nucleotide sequence submission in GenBank®. Iran and Egypt were the countries with the most contribution in GenBank® for submitting new sequences of NDVs. By far, the Fusion gene (F gene) was the most studied gene of NDVs. Sequence analysis showed that there is ۹۹-۹۷ percent coverage between complete genome sequences. In a pairwise comparison, sequences collection showed similarity in hotspots which could show differentiation. This indicates an endemic spread of the virus in this area. The phylogenetic analysis also supported these results and showed no to little variation between sequences. The results of this study illustrate that NDV strains that are present in Middle Eastern countries and have been submitted in GenBank® are very similar. Therefore, these strains may have a common ancestor. This study suggests a wider range of sequence analysis based on bird migration patterns from other countries with Middle East destinations.