synthesis, structure, surface active properties and uses of gemini surfactants

to provide greater surface activity chemists have been in search of newer surfactants and the preparation started with bis-surfactants which were later renamed as gemini surfactants gemini surfactant is the family of surfactant molecules possessing more tha one hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head group . these surfactants usually have bettersurface-active properties than corresponding converntional surfactants of equal chain length. the key feature differentiating them structurally from converntional surfactants is the linkage betweenindividual amphiphilic moieties referred to as spacer.