Inhibitory effect of clemastine on P-glycoprotein expression and function: an in vitro and in situ study

Objective(s):Transporters have an important role in pharmacokinetics of drugs. Inhibition or induction of drug transporters activity can affect drug absorption, safety, and efficacy. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is the most important membrane transporter that is responsible for active efflux of drugs. It is important to understand which drugs are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of P-gp to minimize or avoid unwanted interactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of clemastine on the expression and function of P-gp. Materials and Methods: The effect of clemastine on P-gp function and expression was evaluated in vitro byrhodamine-۱۲۳ (Rho۱۲۳) efflux assay in Caco-۲ cells and Western blot analysis. Rat in situ single pass intestinal permeability model was used to investigate the clemastine effect on digoxin Peff, as a known P-gp substrate. Digoxin levels in intestinal perfusates were assayed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Results:The Caco-۲ intracellular accumulation of Rho۱۲۳ in clemastine and verapamil treated cells was ۹۰.۸ ± ۹.۸ and ۴۲۰.۶±۲۵.۴ pg/mg protein, respectively which was significantly higher than that in control cells (۵۰.۲±۶.۰; P<۰.۰۵). Immunoblotting results indicated that clemastine decreased expression of P-gp in Caco-۲ cells in vitro. More over effective intestinal permeability (Peff) of digoxin in the presence of clemastine, was significantly increased compare to control group. Conclusion: Findings of our study suggested dose dependent P-gp inhibition activity for clemastine               in vitro and in situ. Therefore co-administration of clemastine with P-gp substrates may result in unwanted interactions and side effects.