Dietary nutrients pattern and the risk of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenoma- a case control study

Introduction: Although the association of food patterns and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and colorectal adenomas (CRA) have been explored in many studies, few studies evaluated the association of nutrients pattern and the risk of CRC and CRA as precursors of CRC. The purpose of this case-control study is to investigate the nutrient patterns and their relation to CRC and CRA in Iran. Method: ۲۴۰ hospital controls, ۱۲۹ newly diagnosed CRC and ۱۳۰ newly diagnosed CRA were asked about their dietary intakes using a validated questionnaires. To define the major nutrient patterns, principal component analysis was applied based on thirty preselected nutrients and four explainable nutrient patterns were obtained. Logistic regression was used to determine odd ratios (OR) with ۹۵% confidence interval (CI) of colorectal cancer and adenoma according to categories of nutrient patterns. Results: After adjusting for confounders, “the antioxidant pattern” (factor ۲) was associated with the significant lower risk for the colorectal cancer and adenoma in the ۲nd category compared with the ۱st, respectively (OR=۰.۲۰, ۹۵%CI: ۰.۱۲-۰.۳۴, OR=۰.۳۴, ۹۵%CI: ۰.۲۱-۰.۵۶). Participants in the high category of factor ۴ (the high fat pattern) showed increased in risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma, respectively, than those in the low category in both crude and multivariate analysis (OR=۱.۷۷, ۹۵%CI: ۱.۵۷-۲.۹۵, OR=۱.۸۵, ۹۵%CI: ۱.۱۳-۳.۰۲). Conclusion: among four derived nutrient patterns, “the antioxidant pattern” was inversely associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma and “high fat pattern” showed direct association with these diseases.