Anticancer Potential of Gold Nanoparticles through Provoking Apoptosis in Bladder Cancer ۵۶۳۷ Cells

Introduction: Nanomedicine is a novel and revolutionary technology that has been widely used for diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Among the different nanoparticles utilized in nanomedicine, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have received much attentions due to their promising anticancer effects. Despite the great antitumor ability of AuNPs, their anticancer activity has not yet been evaluated on human bladder cancer ۵۶۳۷ cells. This work was aimed to investigate (reactive oxygen species) ROS-mediated apoptosis in ۵۶۳۷ cells. Methods: MTT assay was performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of AuNPs after ۲۴h exposure. Moreover, apoptosis state was assessed by ROS production, flow cytometry and Hoechst ۳۳۲۵۸ staining. Furthermore, mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma protein ۲ (Bcl-۲), Bcl-۲-associated X (Bax), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) genes and caspase-۳,۷ activity were evaluated by qRT-PCR and colorimetric assay, respectively. Also, wound healing assay was done to estimate the migration rate. Results: MTT results showed that AuNPs have the ability to reduce ۵۶۳۷ cells viability in a dose dependent manner. Fluorimetric assay results demonstrated that AuNPs can increase ROS formation in treated cells. It was also found that AuNPs lead to increase the expression of Bax and downregulated of Bcl-۲ and VEGFA genes. Flow cytometry data also showed enhanced levels of apoptosis in the presence of AuNPs. Similarly, a remarkable apoptotic morphology was observed in AuNPs-treated cells using Hoechst staining. Conclusion: Overall, the present study findings indicated that AuNPs can effectively stimulate ROS production, provoke apoptosis and inhibit cell migration in ۵۶۳۷ cells.