Investigation and analysis of energy management system in a microgrid withthe presence of renewable units

In recent years, the power system has been evolved into microgrids, which are littlepockets of self-contained entities. Different distributed, interconnected generationunits, loads, and energy storage units make up a typical microgrid system. Theincreased energy efficiency of these units on microgrids is gaining popularity day byday. Because of their stochastic behavior, renewable generation causes an imbalancein the power system, which needs microgrid energy management. Renewable energysources have emerged as an alternative to meet the growing demand for energy,mitigate climate change, and contribute to sustainable development. The integrationof these systems is carried out in a distributed manner via microgrid systems; thisprovides a set of technological solutions that allows information exchange between theconsumers and the distributed generation centers, which implies that they need to bemanaged optimally. Energy management in microgrids is defined as an informationand control system that provides the necessary functionality, which ensures that boththe generation and distribution systems supply energy at minimal operational costs.This paper presents a literature review of energy management in microgrid systemsusing renewable energies, along with a comparative analysis of the diferentoptimization objectives, constraints, solution approaches, and simulation tools appliedto both the interconnected and isolated microgrids. To manage the intermittent natureof renewable energy, energy storage technology is considered to be an attractive optiondue to increased technological maturity, energy density, and capability of providinggrid services such as frequency response. Finally, future directions on predictivemodeling mainly for energy storage systems are also proposed.