MicroRNAs as Regulatory Elements of Mammalian Spermatogenesis

In recent decades, infertility is becoming a public health issue. Male spermatogenesis failure has been considered a major contributoryfactor to infertility. Mammalian spermatogenesis is a well-defined process, requiring highly regulation processes in bothtranscriptional and the posttranscriptional levels. Discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs or miR) as essential class of gene expressionregulators has provided new insights into a multitude of biological processes including spermatogenesis. In current review study,we first provide a short overview of spermatogenesis process, and then focus on recent studies that have elucidated the essentialrole of miRNAs in different steps of sperm production.