MicroRNAs can be used as Biomarkers for EarlyDiagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutic Targeting ofOvarian Cancer

A large number mortality of cancers related to gynecology are due toovarian cancer. In recent years some studies in this area providedimprovements in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer;however, many patients still die of this disease. Most important causes ofthe high mortality rate amongst ovarian cancer patients include lack ofdiagnosis until the latest stages and recurrent cancers after the initialtreatment. Discovery of molecular mechanisms which play key roles inpathogenesis of ovarian cancer might can help to find new biomarkersand/or therapeutic targets in this regard. The gene expression processes areoften regulated through the role of MicroRNAs (miRNAs). The regulationmostly takes place at a post-transcription stage. The miRNA binds tomRNA targets and leads to translational repression or degradation of thetarget gene through the activation of RNA-induced silencing complex. Alarge number of studies over the last two decades have been documentingthe role of miRNAs in pathogenesis of various types of cancers in human,including ovarian cancer. It is shown that miRNAs could be useful asimportant markers in prognosis. Moreover, targeting miRNAs canpotentially be a very interesting approach for the treatment of humancancers since miRNAs play active roles in various cellular pathways,including cell survival and differentiation. The aim of present study is toreview the current scientific publications about role miRNAs in metastasisand progression of ovarian cancer. Furthermore, in this review we aimed toreview miRNAs as potential biomarker for prognosis and diagnosis inovarian cancer. Finally, a brief perspective regarding the opportunities andefforts regarding the inhibition and/or stimulation of the miRNAs in orderto target ovarian cancer genes is presented.