Recurrent Seizure during Hospitalization in Children with the First Febrile Seizure: Incidence and Risk Factors

Background: The present study aimed at evaluating the demographic and laboratory factors associated with the recurrent seizure during hospitalization in the children with the first febrile seizure.Methods: This cohort study was performed in Ghaem hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, from ۲۰۱۸ to ۲۰۱۹. Totally ۴۸۳ admitted children aged ۶-۶۰ months with the first febrile seizure were included. The repetition of seizure during hospitalization was considered as incidence of recurrent seizure.Results: Among ۴۸۳ children with the first febrile seizure, recurrent seizure occurred in ۵۷ patients (۱۱.۸%). The serum level of potassium, magnesium and calcium in children with recurrent seizure significantly was lower in comparison to the patients without repeated seizure. Complex seizure was the major risk factor for recurrent seizure (relative risk: ۳۷۷.۷۴, p=۰.۰۰۱). The risk of recurrent seizure decreased with the increase of serum level of potassium, calcium and magnesium. The risk of recurrent seizure increased with the increase of body temperature but not significantly.Conclusion: The incidence rate of recurrent seizure in children with the first febrile seizure was ۱۱۸ cases per ۱۰۰۰ population. Complex seizure was the main risk factor for the seizure recurrence. Higher serum levels of potassium, calcium and magnesium may decrease the risk of recurrent seizure.