The synergic effect of Levilactobacillus brevis IBRC-M۱۰۷۹۰and vitamin D on Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation

Background and Aim : Owing to the emergence and spread of multidrug resistance mechanismsin Helicobacter pylori, achieving successful H. pylori eradication has become exceedinglydifficult. Thus, this study for the first time determines the effect of a novel combination of vitaminD and probiotic on the pathogenesis of H. pylori.Methods : We established an in vitro experimental system using AGS human gastric carcinomacells and explored the synergistic effect of Levilactobacillus brevis and vitamin D on H. pylori. L.brevis live bacteria, pasteurized, cell free supernatant (CFS), and extracellular vesicles (EVs), aswell as their combination with vitamin D were used during this study. We assessed the antiinflammatoryand anti-oxidative effects of these combinations using RT-PCR and ELISA,respectively. We further performed adhesion assay to evaluate the influence of L. brevis andvitamin D on the adherence of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells.Results : Our results demonstrated that L. brevis and vitamin D possess anti-inflammatory andanti-oxidative effects against H. pylori infection in AGS cells. However, the combination ofvitamin D with the probiotic strain (particularly L. brevis live bacteria and CFS) can moreefficiently reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-۶, IL-۸, IFN-γ, and TNF-αfrom the gastric epithelium. Moreover, vitamin D and L. brevis exhibited an additive impactpreserving the integrity of the epithelial barrier through increasing the production of tight junctionprotein ZO-۱. Furthermore, this combination can potentially reduce H. pylori adherence to gastricepithelial cell.Conclusion : These results indicate the additive advantage of vitamin D and probiotic co-treatmentto attenuate H. pylori-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Consequently, probiotic andvitamin D co-supplementation can be considered as a novel therapeutic approach to manage H.pylori infection.