A study on the effect of the facade of residential buildings on the beautification of the city

The facade, like a cover, gives shape and soul to the building and is considered the most important part of a building. In fact, how the facade of a building is built affects the construction process of the rest of the building components. In the past, the facade of the building was mostly used as a protection for the buildings, but with the passage of time, the design of the facade is more and more beautiful. It was noted that the design of the facade of a building is a more important stage than the construction of the building body. The facade of the buildings plays a very important role in the urban scene, which is called the urban background. In fact, facade is one of the most influential on the quality of urban spaces. The facade of each building is effective in shaping the city complex in which it is present. Urban façades have been one of the most crucial issues in Iranian urban development and the disorder that has been around in this field reflects the unstable situation of the society. In spite of the clarity of the concept of façade in scientific circles as well as the fact that it has turned into a major concern among urban managers over the last decade, urban façades are still suffering from a severe lack of organization. The reason may be our narrow view of façade which confines it to its physical aspects. To this end, the present study seeks to analyze the architectural heritage of the city of Tehran over the recent century in terms of urban façades in order to develop a map of the way for the future. Thus, by drawing upon grounded theory and in-depth interview with experts, the factors affecting the evolution of urban façades in Tehran during the late Qajar period, Pahlavi dynasty, and the Islamic Republic of Iran were identified and the dominant styles of each period based on the identified factors were publicly evaluated in terms of identity, beauty and showy by means of a questionnaire.