The Co-administration of Nicotine/ Marijuana and Morphine Changes Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Rats
سال انتشار: 1399
نوع سند: مقاله ژورنالی
زبان: انگلیسی
مشاهده: 139
فایل این مقاله در 15 صفحه با فرمت PDF قابل دریافت می باشد
- صدور گواهی نمایه سازی
- من نویسنده این مقاله هستم
استخراج به نرم افزارهای پژوهشی:
شناسه ملی سند علمی:
JR_JKMU-27-6_002
تاریخ نمایه سازی: 19 دی 1401
چکیده مقاله:
Background: Simultaneous co-consumption of abused substances is common among drug users. This study examined the effects of co-administration of marijuana/ nicotine and morphine on some cytokines in rats. Method: Ninety eight rats were randomly divided into fourteen experimental groups including control (saline ۱ ml/kg, i.p.), morphine (۱, ۳ and ۵ mg/kg, i.p.), nicotine (۰.۵, ۲ and ۴ mg/kg, i.p.), marijuana (۲.۵, ۵ and ۱۰ mg/kg, i.p.) and the combination groups in which the rats received the combination of either effective or sub-effective doses of nicotine/ marijuana and morphine. Inflammation was induced via formalin injection into the left hind paw of all the control and the treated rats. The serum concentrations of some cytokines (TNF-ɑ, IL-۱, and IL-۶) were measured by using an enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Results: A significant reduction in TNF-ɑ, IL-۱, and IL-۶ concentration was observed in marijuana, nicotine and morphine treated rats. Also, the co-administration of effective doses of marijuana/ nicotine and morphine caused a significant reduction in cytokines, indicating either an additive or a synergistic effect. Conclusion: The clinical application for the combined use of these substances has not been determined yet and further research is needed to clarify the efficacy, safety and tolerability of these combinations in inflammatory process.
کلیدواژه ها:
نویسندگان
Gholamreza Sepehri
Professor, Kerman Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Iran
Mehrnoush Ranjbar
Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi
Associate professor, Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Sara Dahesh
Pathology and Stem Cells Research Center, Afzalipour Scholl of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
مراجع و منابع این مقاله:
لیست زیر مراجع و منابع استفاده شده در این مقاله را نمایش می دهد. این مراجع به صورت کاملا ماشینی و بر اساس هوش مصنوعی استخراج شده اند و لذا ممکن است دارای اشکالاتی باشند که به مرور زمان دقت استخراج این محتوا افزایش می یابد. مراجعی که مقالات مربوط به آنها در سیویلیکا نمایه شده و پیدا شده اند، به خود مقاله لینک شده اند :