Renal Angiomyolipoma Associated with Renal Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis: A Case Report

AbstractAngiomyolipoma (AML) is the most common benign renal mesenchymal neoplasm. This is a report of a ۳۶-year-old female patient with AML with the involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) who was admitted to our hospital. The patient complained of mild right flank pain. CT scan results showed a hypo-dense mass with ۴۷ × ۷۲ mm dimensions at the right kidney›s lower pole suggesting renal AML. In MRI with contrast, venous thrombosis was detected in the right renal vein and IVC. Right radical nephrectomy and IVC thrombectomy were successfully conducted. Renal AML was confirmed by pathological findings, and the presence of tumor thrombosis was approved in the right renal vein and IVC. Although AML is generally benign and vascular invasion is a rare finding in this condition, imaging studies (including CT scans) should always be considered to determine the extent of vascular involvement and choose an appropriate therapeutic plan, including nephrectomy and thrombectomy in case of vascular involvement. Despite its benign nature, it should be considered that AML can invade venous structures in the kidneys. Early imaging studies and therapeutic interventions are necessary for obtaining the best outcome.