Using response surface methodology (RSM) forleakage detection in water distribution net work

Water quality security is a critical concern in water distribution systems (WDSs) due to theirvulnerability to contamination intrusion events. To ensure timely and effective detection ofun/intentional intrusion events, extensive research has been conducted to develop leakagedetection and localization methodologies. Model-based methods have been accepted aspromising approaches in detecting leaks within water distribution systems. This paperproposes a novel leakage detection model based on the network hydraulic model. Theproposed methodology utilizes mathematical modeling employing the response surfacemethodology (RSM) for leakage detection. Furthermore, RSM offers the capability to assesssensor placement. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is demonstrated using abenchmark dataset for leakage diagnosis. The results proved that the proposed methodperforms well with a high accuracy. In conclusion, this study not only presents a novel leakagedetection model but also introduces a new approach for evaluating sensor placement,contributing to the advancement of water quality security in WDSs.