Mechanisms in cancer immune escape: a mini-review

The function of the immune system is to protect the host against environmental agents, pathogens for example, as well as repair. All white blood cells play an important role in the immune response. The immune system has a dual role in cancer, one of which is pro-tumor and the other anti-tumor. On the one hand, immune cells can identify tumor cells and eliminate them and destroy infected cells. On the other hand, the most important feature of cancer cells is to escape from the immune system. The immune system is a network of cells, messages, and tissues that help protect the body against foreign invaders, infectious agents, and cancer. However, sometimes cancer cells manage to escape from the immune system; the most important of them include a specific type of lymphocytes, regulatory T cells and regulatory B cells, specific metabolism of tumor cells and PD-L۱. Each method is described in detail in this article. A correct understanding of these factors can significantly contribute to medical science and new treatment methods against cancer and even preventive measures. In this study, comprehensive databases such as PubMed and comprehensive international search engines such as Google Scholar have been used to cover the most up-to-date statistics and information on this issue. It should be noted that this article covers the latest information published in ۲۰۲۳.