Correlation of Serum Ferritin, Vitamin D Levels, and Severity of Clinical Symptoms in Patients with COVID-۱۹

Nowadays, the world is experiencing the COVID-۱۹ pandemic. Iron deficiency anemia and vitaminDdeficiency are two of the world’s most prevalent health problems. Severe COVID-۱۹ patients were found with elevated serum ferritin and decreased vitamin D levels. There is a need to investigate the possible roles of micronutrients in the severity and mortality of COVID-۱۹. This descriptiveanalytical cross-sectional study was conducted on ۴۳۷ COVID-۱۹ patients who were hospitalized from April to August ۲۰۲۰. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of the patients were collected. Medical experts determined the severity of the infection based on the severity of the clinical symptoms and the extent and degree of the lung infection. The data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software Version ۱۶. The mean age of the participants was ۶۰.۷۴ ۱۶.۷۰ years old, and the most common comorbidities were diabetes type II (۱۵.۱%) and hypertension (۱۲%). Shortness of breath (۵۸.۶%), anosmia (۵۵.۱%), and ageusia (۴۵.۱%) were the most common presenting symptoms. The mean serum vitamin D level was ۲۸.۸۶ ۱۵.۶۹ ng/mL, and vitamin D deficiency was found in ۵۳% of patients. The mean serum ferritin level was ۱۲۵.۳۲ ۹۷.۹۹ for males and ۳۰۲ ۷۳.۶ for females. Significant correlations were observed between serum vitaminDlevels, lower oxygen saturation rate, and COVID–۱۹ severity. A significant relationship was found between the serum ferritin levels and hospitalization duration (P < ۰.۰۵). Our findings indicated that COVID-۱۹ patients treated in the hospital had a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D. The severity of the disease was increased in patients with vitamin D deficiency and elevated serum ferritin levels.