A Review of Synthesis of AgNPs Specially with Algae and Their Applications

In contemporary times, the rapid emergence of nanotechnology and nanoparticles has garnered significant attention due to their impactful applications in the biomedical and industrial sectors. These minute particles find utility in various domains such as electronics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, biotechnology, and medicine, among others, owing to their high surface-to-volume ratio and ability to interact effectively with other particles. Several methods, such as chemical, physical, microbial, and green approaches, can be employed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), with the biological method utilizing bacteria, fungi, algae, and plant extracts for the production process. Notably, algal-mediated synthesis of AgNPs is of particular interest because of the algae's high metal uptake capacity and metal ion reduction capabilities. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications of silver nanoparticles in various industries, recent advancements in green synthesis methods for AgNPs, their application as antimicrobial agents, the mechanism of antimicrobial mode of action, and the cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles.