Accuracy assessment of robotic systems in dental implant surgery: a systematic review

Background and aims: Considering the development of robot technology, the aim of this studyis to assess the accuracy of robotic systems used in dental implant surgery and to compare itsaccuracy with previously introduced systems in this field.Method: The review protocol followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviewsand Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Three different databases were selected and searchedwithout any time restrictions: MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus in order to identifyall studies around robotic systems in dental implant surgery. Entry, exit, and angular deviationwere the main outcomes of the studies and the data were extracted in tables. Meta-analysis wasperformed with a random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was applied when possible.Results: One hundred and twenty-five records were identified and ۸ were eligible with ۶ differentrobotic systems. Four hundred and ۷۴ implant placements or drilled cavities were done in thesestudies. The combined mean entry, exit, and angular deviation were ۰.۸۵۱ mm (۹۵% CI: ۰.۶۴۲ to۱.۰۶۱; I۲ = ۹۴.۹۴%), ۱.۰۲۷ mm (۹۵% CI: ۰.۷۲۷ to ۱.۳۲۷; I۲ = ۹۷.۱۹%) and ۱.۷۷۹° (۹۵% CI: ۰.۹۲۲to ۲.۶۳۷; I۲ = ۹۹.۶۳%). There was no difference between in-vitro and clinical studies.Conclusion: Robotic systems execute dental implant surgery highly precisely, with less than ۲°deviations which are remarkably more accurate than previously introduced methods (navigationand free-hand methods). Further clinical studies may lead to detecting fewer clinical complicationsaccording to the robotic system’s accuracy. Also, its ability to be used based on clinicalconditions and patient acceptance needs to be studied in the future.