A comprehensive review on carbon capture process: applications, solvents, and characteristics

Natural gas (NG) combines hydrocarbons that spontaneously form below the land surface. Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel and a secure energy source when carried, stored, and used. Depending on its origin, NG can also include (C۲+, N۲, CO۲, He, H۲S, and noble gases) and methane. In addition to methane, several gas treatment processes may extract other components. In the CO۲ capture process, the choice and design of solvents are crucial. As a result of the solvent's influence on elements such as CO۲ absorption capacity, equipment size, and solvent regeneration energy, the efficiency and total cost of the process are directly impacted by the solvent. This paper reviews the most potent solvents and solvent combinations that absorb CO۲ through chemisorption, physisorption, and chemo physisorption. The characteristics and structures of more than one solvent are discussed, with their respective advantages and disadvantages. Solvent mixtures include chemical or physical solvents, and combinations of physical and chemical solvents are categorized.