Urban-Rural Interdisciplinary Integration; Ullman Model, Phenomenology Approach

Geographically interdisciplinary integration of urban-rural areas include place, space, time, and human relations that have always depended on each other. This dependence has led to models and approaches with their components. According to many theorists, urban-rural areas are the product of the social and cooperative life of human’s relations. Therefore, just as the investigation and explanation of human being has certain complexities and needs and this complexity makes it necessary to called it interdisciplinary integration for planners and designers of urban-rural contexts.The mutual relations between the city and the countryside begin with the examination of the differences and complementary aspects between the two areas that have interdisciplinary actions on each other from various geographic, economic, social, physical-spatial aspects. The economic aspect is one of the effective factors in the establishment of urban-rural relations of transferability. For the first time in the ۱۹۵۰s, Edward Ullman proposed the spatial action between two urban-rural under the influence of the three principles of complementarity, transferability, and intervening opportunities.According to the functional models, the urban-rural are not only related to each other geographically but also dependent on each other economically. In this framework, the dependency theories believe that urban areas grow based on the exploitation of their surrounding rural areas due to their close relationship with the interdisciplinary integration economy, social, culture. The approach of urban-rural regional development has been proposed by many theories models such as Harrod’s model ۱۹۴۸, Dumar's model ۱۹۵۷, Rostow’s model ۱۹۵۶, and Hirschman's model ۱۹۵۸ and the other models.The question of article is how urban-rural has interdisciplinary integration via place, space, time and human relations through Ullman Model?