A study and analysis on the thermal performance of nanofluids with and without magnetic field in heat exchange devices

A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles. These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Common base fluids include water, ethylene glycol and oil. The management of the heat transfer process is significant for the development of recent engineering and industrial systems and devices. There are several techniques and materials for isolation have been used and presented in recent years. Although heat transfer reduction is easily accessible by using isolators, heat transfer improvement is not easily achievable due to limitations in materials. Meanwhile, heat transfer improvement is more required in industrial and engineering instruments and devices i.e. heat exchangers, and condensers. The importance of efficient heat transfer has motivated mechanical engineers and researchers to find new solutions and materials which increase thermal transfer in industrial applications. The application of fin is the most conventional approach which is widely used due to its simplicity and low cost. In this methodology, the contact surface area of the heat source with the outside is increased by adding a fin adjacent to a heat source. Although several papers investigated this technique for the heat transfer rate, the efficiency of the heat transfer via fin is limited. The shape effects are also considered an old-fashion method for heat transfer enhancement. The main revolutionary in heat transfer is achieved by the addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid. In fact, the existence of the Ferro particles inside the main fluid extensively augments due to Ferro characteristics of the fluid mixture. The addition of Ferro Nano-particles improves the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the fluid mixture and this increases the heat transfer efficiency in heat exchangers in real applications. Theoretical investigations of the nanofluid heat transfer have been widely done to obtain efficient condition. In the last decades, the advance in computational fluid dynamics enables scholars to model and simulate nano heat transfer modeling in complex and real industrial devices. Nanofluids are considered to be a next-generation heat transfer medium due to their excellent thermal performance. To investigate the effect of electric fields and magnetic fields on heat transfer of nanofluids, this paper analyzes the mechanism of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids, the chaotic convection and the heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids in the presence of an applied electric field or magnetic field through the method of literature review