Staphylococcus aureus in the environment of healthcare centers

Staphylococcus aureus is gram-positive cocci, which is consistently one of the four causes of hospital infections. S. aureus is a member of the normal nasal and intestinal flora in ۳۰-۵۰% of the population. But this organism is carried in almost ۹۰% of the clinical staff of hospitals. S. aureus is an important cause of a wide variety of infectious diseases in humans. This bacterium often causes infections such as endocarditis, bacteremia, and pneumonia. S. aureus species are typically resistant to a large number of drugs. These bacteria are able to sustain and grow properly in the hospital environment and are easily transmitted to people who have weak immune systems. So far, methicillin-resistant S. aureus  (MRSA) has been limited to hospitals, but with the increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia in younger patients, methicillin-resistant staphylococci in the community (CA-MRSA) has spread throughout the world.